I am by no means an expert on sailing ships, but I ran a quick search for you (http://www.google.nl/search?hl=nl&q=17th+century+ship+&meta= ) and found these links:
-The mayflower ; the design of the mayflower, with the different parts named.
- 17th century navigation ; about the navigation of ships and the names used for the different functions on board. Looks usefull.
- the VOC ; about the VOC, the dutch east india company, one of the largest shiping companies of the 17th and 18th century. Some of the links are in dutch though.
Hope this helps.
regards,
Rod